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In a sudden and dramatic move, on December 6 Saddam announced that all remaining hostages would be released. Among those appealing for the release of the hostages were former British prime minister Edward Heath, Labour politician Tony Benn, American heavyweight boxing champ Muhammad Ali, and British singer-songwriter Yusuf Islam (Cat Stevens). The plight of the remaining hostages resulted in a procession of Western politicians and celebrities to Baghdad. On August 28, the same day that Iraq declared that it had annexed Kuwait, Saddam said that women and children would be allowed to leave. The Iraqi regime began rounding up hundreds of Westerners and holding some of them at strategic military and industrial sites as “human shields” in the event of attack. More than 600,000 expatriates, including some 7,000 Western nationals, remained in Kuwait after the invasion, having been barred from leaving the country by Iraqi occupation authorities. trade sanctions against Iraq, September 4, 1990. Navy boarding party conducting an inspection of an Iraqi cargo ship to enforce U.N. The Soviet Union, at first guarded in its response to the invasion, on September 3 expressed its support for the U.S. On August 15 he announced that Iraq was ready to accept Iranian terms for the settlement of the Iran-Iraq War: the withdrawal of Iraqi troops from occupied Iranian territory, resolution of the Shaṭṭ Al-ʿArab waterway dispute, and a prisoner-of-war exchange. Saddam countered the Arab League resolution on August 12 by declaring that “all occupation problems, and those portrayed as occupation problems in the Middle East, can be resolved simultaneously and on the same principles and bases as should be set out by the UN Security Council.” Saddam also used the crisis as an unlikely opportunity to conclude peace with Iran. The key supporters of Kuwait, apart from Saudi Arabia and the Arab Gulf states, were Egypt and Syria, whose leaders had improved mutual relations in the months preceding the invasion. Among those Arab states sympathetic to Iraq were Jordan, Yemen, Sudan, Tunisia, and Algeria as well as the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
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On August 10, 12 of the 21 Arab League countries passed a resolution condemning Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait and endorsing the UN resolution. troops were sent to Saudi Arabia, while Mubarak invited Arab leaders to Cairo for an emergency summit. On August 6 the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 661, which imposed a ban on all trade with Iraq and called on UN member countries to protect the assets of the legitimate government of Kuwait. The diplomatic response to the invasion was swift. Courtesy of the George Bush Presidential Library and Museum See all videos for this article Bush addressing Congress following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, 1990. As many as 350,000 Kuwaiti refugees also fled south into Saudi Arabia. Crown prince Saʿd al-ʿAbd Allāh al-Sālim al-Ṣabāḥ quickly emerged as the dominant personality within this group, and finance minister Sheikh Ali al-Khalifah al-Ṣabāḥ took control of most of Kuwait’s overseas assets, which amounted to some $100 billion. Hurry to our aid.” Sheikh Jābir, his cabinet, and senior members of the Ṣabāḥ family fled to Saudi Arabia to establish a government-in-exile. At 11:11 am on August 3 Kuwait Radio fell silent with these words: “Arabs, brothers, beloved brothers, Muslims. The fiercest opposition came at Dasman Palace, the royal residence of emir Sheikh Jābir al-Aḥmad al-Jābir al-Ṣabāḥ, which only yielded to the Iraqis after hours of bitter hand-to-hand fighting in which the emir’s younger brother, Sheikh Fahad, was killed. Although remnants of Kuwait’s 20,000-man army maintained a spirited defense over the next 36 hours, the Iraqi takeover of Kuwait city was completed with little difficulty. Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.Īctive resistance to the invasion lasted about 14 hours, during which time an estimated 4,200 Kuwaitis were killed in combat.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.